The next time you are in a call in a noisy environment like a driving car, check out the control center on your iPhone. When your microphone is open, you will find a new control: Mic Mode. This lets you select the plain old Standard Mode, Voice Isolation or Wide Spectrum.
This is a recording in Skype with Standard. You will hear some music playing in the background:
And this is a recording in Voice Isolation, where the music is almost completely gone. You only hear it for a split second when I start or stop talking:
As you can hear, this setting makes AirPods much better for voice calls. Recommended!
Does it only work with AirPods connected? Your last sentence sounds like that?!
No. It works even without headphones.
And does it need to be AirPods pro / Max?
No. It works with everything.
Unfortunately not available for the iPhone X and older.